📚 Civil Engineering Revision Notes
📌 Rapid Sand Filter Parameters:
- Length / width = 1.25 to 1.33
- Back washing Velocity = 45 cm/min
- Max loss of head = 2.5 to 3.0 m
- Quantity of Back washing water req = 1 - 5% of total filter water
- No of Unit req = 1.22√Q (Where Q = Plant-Capacity in MLD)
- Uniformity Co-efficient = 1.3 - 1.7
10. Use of Copper Sulphate:
- To control the growth of Algae
- Removal of colour, odour, taste
- Copper Sulphate = CuSO4 · 7H2O
11. The maximum slenderness ratio in a tension member where reversal of stress is due to loads other than wind or seismic is 180.
12. The capacity of flushing urinal is 5 ltr.
13. Center of gravity of a solid circular cone of height h from the circular Base of radius r is at distance 1/4 h.
- → from top 3h/4.
14. Minimum Grade of Concrete:
- Used for RCC = M20
- Post-tensioning concrete = M30
- Pretensioning concrete = M40
- Sea water Construction = M30
15. Max magnesia in Portland cement → 6%
16. Gale Method of traversing consist of ploting the points by independent co-ordinate.
17. The maximum shear stress in a symmetrical I section is at Neutral axis.
18. The maximum size of clay Particle is - 0.002 mm
19. Sensitivity of Bubble Tube:
- Larger the radius of Bubble tube greater the sensitivity.
- Larger length of Bubble tube greater sensitivity.
- Temp ↑ = Sensitivity ↓
- Viscosity ↑ = Sensitivity ↓
20. Cripling load Pe = (π2 E I) / Le2
21. Minimum thickness of load bearing RCC wall is 100 mm.
22. Footing & Total Settlement
| Footing Type | Total Settlement (mm) |
|---|---|
| Isolated footing on clay | 65 mm |
| Isolated footing on sand | 40 mm |
| Raft on clay | 65 to 100 mm |
| Raft on sand | 40 to 65 mm |
23. Degree of Workability
| Degree of Workability | Compaction factor |
|---|---|
| Extremely Low | 0.65 to 0.70 |
| Very Low | 0.70 to 0.80 |
| Low | 0.8 to 0.85 |
| Medium | 0.85 to 0.95 |
| High | 0.95 to 1.0 |